3) Second-Order Thinking
Meaning: Think beyond the immediate outcome to the next and next-after-next consequences.
Why it matters: Prevents short-term wins that cause long-term losses.
Example: Lowering prices might boost sales now but destroy profit margins and brand value later.
4) Systems Thinking
Meaning: Understand how parts of the system interact and influence one another.
Why it matters: Strategic decisions always affect interconnected elements (markets, people, supply chains, etc.).
Example: Improving one department’s efficiency may create bottlenecks elsewhere if the whole system isn’t considered.
